Oxford University Press Al-Ghazl and the Ideal of Godlikeness

What might it mean to take God as a model for virtue? Al-Ghazali and the Ideal of Godlikeness investigates how Muslim thinkers developed the idea of imitating God across diverse cultural channels and how al-Ghazali--working under both philosophical and Sufi influences--cast the idea in a distinctive form. The idea that improving our character requires modelling ourselves on another will seem natural to many. But what might it mean to take God as a model for virtue? This book investigates how Muslim thinkers developed this idea against a rich backdrop of historical reflection on the topic and how one particular intellectual, Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, shaped the conversation. The idea that becoming virtuous means becoming like God has a long history. It was a calling card of Plato's philosophy and popular among many of the ancient philosophical schools. In the Islamic world, it assumed a vivid form at the hands of Sufi thinkers who took the beautiful names of God as the headline of a project of self-transformation. God's beautiful names aren't just objects for abstract understanding; they represent moral and spiritual ideals. Moved by both philosophical and Sufi inspirations, al-Ghazali casts the idea in a distinctive form which lets us into the sources of its fascination—and to the welter of questions it provokes. What, for example, does it even mean to ascribe virtues to God, given how closely the virtues seem to be tied to human limitations? Does the imitation of God set an achievable standard-and given the risks of aiming for it, should we even try? Drawing on a range of broader perspectives on virtue, character education, and the role of exemplars, this book works through such questions and places al-Ghazali at the heart of an unfolding conversation.